HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is most commonly known for causing genital warts and cervical cancer.
But what many people don’t realize is that HPV can also infect the throat—specifically, a region known as the oropharynx, which includes the back of the throat, the tonsils, and the base of the tongue.
This type of infection is called oropharyngeal HPV, and science has shown that, if left undetected, it can lead to serious health problems.
Main Symptoms of HPV in the Throat
Many people with HPV in the throat don’t show symptoms right away. However, when symptoms do appear, they often include:
- Persistent sore throat
- Difficulty swallowing
- Changes in voice or hoarseness
- Feeling like something is stuck in the throat
- Ear pain without an obvious infection
- Swelling in the neck (which may indicate swollen lymph nodes)
- Unexplained weight loss
Studies, including those published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, have confirmed that certain strains of HPV—especially type 16—are strongly linked to oropharyngeal cancer.
How Is Throat HPV Transmitted?
Oropharyngeal HPV is most often spread through oral-genital contact. Sexual intercourse isn’t necessary for the virus to be transmitted. In some cases, deep kissing may also lead to transmission.
Medical Diagnosis
Currently, there’s no approved routine screening test for detecting HPV in the throat. That’s why it’s important to see a doctor if you’re experiencing any suspicious symptoms. Diagnosis may involve:
- A physical exam
- Biopsies of suspicious tissue
- Imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs, especially if cancer is suspected
Treatment Options
In many cases, HPV infections clear up on their own without causing problems. However, when complications like warts or cancer do develop, treatment options may include:
- Surgery – to remove tumors or visible lesions
- Radiation therapy – for more advanced cancer cases
- Chemotherapy – often used in combination with radiation for severe cases
- Immunotherapy – currently being researched as a way to help the body’s immune system fight off the virus
One of the best ways to prevent HPV-related complications is through vaccination. Vaccines like Gardasil 9 offer protection against the most dangerous HPV types that cause cancer and warts.
How to Prevent HPV Throat Infections
- Get vaccinated early, ideally before becoming sexually active
- Use protection, such as condoms or dental dams, during oral sex
- Maintain good oral hygiene and see your dentist regularly
- Avoid excessive tobacco and alcohol use, as both can increase the risk of HPV-related throat cancer